GEJALA DEPRESI PADA IBU HAMIL: PREVALENSI DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL
Abstract
Secara global, depresi dan kecemasan dilaporkan sebagai gangguan kesehatan mental yang umum terjadi dengan prevalensi berkisar antara 15% hingga 65%. Depresi tidak hanya berdampak negatif bagi ibu tetapi juga berdampak pada kesehatan keluarga dan masyarakat luas. Di negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah (LMIC), prevalensi depresi pada kehamilan tinggi dan diidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko berat badan lahir rendah pada bayi dan kelahiran prematur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan prevalensi gejala depresi. pada kehamilan trimester III dan mengkaji hubungannya dengan faktor dukungan sosial. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang melibatkan 60 ibu hamil yang terdaftar di Puskesmas Pengasih I dan Pengasih II. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Gejala depresi dan dukungan sosial dinilai dengan EPDS dan SSQ-6, masing-masing. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi-square di SPSS 20. Prevalensi gejala depresi pada ibu hamil pada trimester ketiga ditemukan 8,3%. Tidak ada hubungan statistik dengan dukungan sosial (p=0,639). Penelitian selanjutnya harus menyelidiki lebih lanjut mengenai kualitas dukungan sosial yang dapat menjadi faktor potensial untuk mencegah depresi selama kehamilan.
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References
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Connell, T., Barnett, B., & Waters, D. (2017). Barriers To Antenatal Psychosocial Assessment And Depression Screening In Private Hospital Settings. Women And Birth. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Wombi.2017.09.021
Dadi, A. F., Miller, E. R., Bisetegn, T. A., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Global Burden Of Antenatal Depression And Its Association With Adverse Birth Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. BMC Public Health, 20(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12889-020-8293-9
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Lau, Y., Yin, L., & Wang, Y. (2011). Antenatal Depressive Symptomatology, Family Conflict And Social Support Among Chengdu Chinese Women. Maternal And Child Health Journal, 15(8), 1416–1426. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10995-010-0699-Z
Milgrom, J., Hirshler, Y., Reece, J., Holt, C., & Gemmill, A. W. (2019). Social Support—A Protective Factor For Depressed Perinatal Women? International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 16(8), 1426. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ijerph16081426
Mohammad, K. I., Gamble, J., & Creedy, D. K. (2011). Prevalence And Factors Associated With The Development Of Antenatal And Postnatal Depression Among Jordanian Women. Midwifery, 27(6), E238–E245. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Midw.2010.10.008
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Nasreen, H. E., Kabir, Z. N., Forsell, Y., & Edhborg, M. (2011). Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Depressive And Anxiety Symptoms During Pregnancy: A Population Based Study In Rural Bangladesh. BMC Women’s Health, 11(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/1472-6874-11-22
Nongrum, R., Thomas, E., Lionel, J., & Jacob, K. S. (2014). Domestic Violence As A Risk Factor For Maternal Depression And Neonatal Outcomes: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study. Indian Journal Of Psychological Medicine, 36(2), 179–181. Https://Doi.Org/10.4103/0253-7176.130989
Perwitasari, P., Hakimi, M., & Anjarwati, A. (2019). The Effect Of Maternal-Fetal Attachment Education On Pregnant Women’s Mental Health. Journal Of Health Technology Assessment In Midwifery, 2(1), 50–58. Https://Doi.Org/10.31101/Jhtam.1043
Perwitasari, & Umu, H. E. N. (2021). Antenatal depressive symptoms in asian women: A review of the articles. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(2), 582–586.
Phoosuwan, N., Eriksson, L., & Lundberg, P. C. (2018). Antenatal Depressive Symptoms During Late Pregnancy Among Women In A North-Eastern Province Of Thailand: Prevalence And Associated Factors. Asian Journal Of Psychiatry, 36, 102–107. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ajp.2018.06.012
Pilkington, P., Milne, L., Cairns, K., & Whelan, T. (2016). Enhancing Reciprocal Partner Support To Prevent Perinatal Depression And Anxiety: A Delphi Consensus Study. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12888-016-0721-0
Rashid, A., & Mohd, R. (2017). Poor Social Support As A Risk Factor For Antenatal Depressive Symptoms Among Women Attending Public Antennal Clinics In Penang, Malaysia. Reproductive Health, 14(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12978-017-0404-4
Roomruangwong, C., & Epperson, C. N. (2011). Perinatal Depression In Asian Women: Prevalence, Associated Factors, And Cultural Aspects. Asian Biomedicine, 5(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.5372/1905-7415.0502.024
Sheeba, B., Nath, A., Metgud, C. S., Krishna, M., Venkatesh, S., Vindhya, J., & Murthy, G. V. S. (2019). Prenatal Depression And Its Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women In Bangalore: A Hospital Based Prevalence Study. Frontiers In Public Health, 7. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fpubh.2019.00108
Shin, H. H., & Shin, Y. H. (2015). Life Stress, Social Support, And Antepartum Depression Among Married Immigrant Women From Southeast Asia. Journal Of Korean Academy Of Community Health Nursing, 26(2), 108. Https://Doi.Org/10.12799/Jkachn.2015.26.2.108
Silva, M., Denismar Alves Nogueira, Universidade Federal De Alfenas, Maria José Clapis, & Escola De Enfermagem De Ribeirão Preto Da Universidade De São Paulo (EERP-USP). (2016). Depression In Pregnancy. Prevalence And Associated Factors. Investigación Y Educación En Enfermería, 34(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.17533/Udea.Iee.V34n2a14
Tsao, Y., Creedy, D. K., & Gamble, J. (2016). A Comparison Of Life Stress And Depressive Symptoms In Pregnant Taiwanese And Immigrant Women: Journal Of Nursing Research, 24(3), 272–281. Https://Doi.Org/10.1097/Jnr.0000000000000137
Wado, Y. D., Afework, M. F., & Hindin, M. J. (2014). Effects Of Maternal Pregnancy Intention, Depressive Symptoms And Social Support On Risk Of Low Birth Weight: A Prospective Study From Southwestern Ethiopia. Plos ONE, 9(5), E96304. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0096304
Waqas, A., Raza, N., Lodhi, H. W., Muhammad, Z., Jamal, M., & Rehman, A. (2015). Psychosocial Factors Of Antenatal Anxiety And Depression In Pakistan: Is Social Support A Mediator? PLOS ONE, 10(1), E0116510. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0116510
Wijaya, Y. M. (2016). Antenatal Depression And Correlated Factors Among Indonesian Women With High Risk Pregnancy. 7.
Wilcox, M., Mcgee, B. A., Ionescu, D. F., Leonte, M., Lacross, L., Reps, J., & Wildenhaus, K. (2020). Perinatal Depressive Symptoms Often Start In The Prenatal Rather Than Postpartum Period: Results From A Longitudinal Study. Archives Of Women’s Mental Health. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S00737-020-01017-Z
Wulandari, R. P., Husada, S. K., & Saleh, S. B. (2021). Hubungan Usia Ibu Dan Paritas Dengan Gejala Depresi Pada KehamilaN. 4(2), 5.
Alipour, Z., Kazemi, A., Kheirabadi, G., & Eslami, A.-A. (2019). Relationship Between Marital Quality, Social Support And Mental Health During Pregnancy. Community Mental Health Journal, 55(6), 1064–1070. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10597-019-00387-8
Bedaso, A., Adams, J., Peng, W., & Sibbritt, D. (2021). Prevalence And Determinants Of Low Social Support During Pregnancy Among Australian Women: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Reproductive Health, 18(1), 158. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12978-021-01210-Y
Cankorur, V. S., Abas, M., Berksun, O., & Stewart, R. (2015). Social Support And The Incidence And Persistence Of Depression Between Antenatal And Postnatal Examinations In Turkey: A Cohort Study. BMJ Open, 5(4), E006456.
Connell, T., Barnett, B., & Waters, D. (2017). Barriers To Antenatal Psychosocial Assessment And Depression Screening In Private Hospital Settings. Women And Birth. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Wombi.2017.09.021
Dadi, A. F., Miller, E. R., Bisetegn, T. A., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Global Burden Of Antenatal Depression And Its Association With Adverse Birth Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. BMC Public Health, 20(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12889-020-8293-9
Fekadu Dadi, A., Miller, E. R., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Antenatal Depression And Its Association With Adverse Birth Outcomes In Low And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Plos One, 15(1), E0227323. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0227323
Giurgescu, C., & Templin, T. N. (2015). Father Involvement And Psychological Well-Being Of Pregnant Women: MCN, The American Journal Of Maternal/Child Nursing, 40(6), 381–387. Https://Doi.Org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000183
Hartley, M., Tomlinson, M., Greco, E., Comulada, W. S., Stewart, J., Le Roux, I., Mbewu, N., & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2011). Depressed Mood In Pregnancy: Prevalence And Correlates In Two Cape Town Peri-Urban Settlements. Reproductive Health, 8(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/1742-4755-8-9
Jeong, H.-G., Lim, J.-S., Lee, M.-S., Kim, S.-H., Jung, I.-K., & Joe, S.-H. (2013). The Association Of Psychosocial Factors And Obstetric History With Depression In Pregnant Women: Focus On The Role Of Emotional Support. General Hospital Psychiatry, 35(4), 354–358. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Genhosppsych.2013.02.009
Kendig, S., Keats, J. P., Hoffman, M. C., Kay, L. B., Miller, E. S., Moore Simas, T. A., Frieder, A., Hackley, B., Indman, P., Raines, C., Semenuk, K., Wisner, K. L., & Lemieux, L. A. (2017). Consensus Bundle On Maternal Mental Health: Perinatal Depression And Anxiety. Obstetrics And Gynecology, 129(3), 422–430. Https://Doi.Org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001902
Kishore, M. T., Satyanarayana, V., Ananthanpillai, S. T., Desai, G., Bhaskarapillai, B., Thippeswamy, H., & Chandra, P. S. (2018). Life Events And Depressive Symptoms Among Pregnant Women In India: Moderating Role Of Resilience And Social Support. International Journal Of Social Psychiatry, 8.
Lau, Y., Yin, L., & Wang, Y. (2011). Antenatal Depressive Symptomatology, Family Conflict And Social Support Among Chengdu Chinese Women. Maternal And Child Health Journal, 15(8), 1416–1426. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10995-010-0699-Z
Milgrom, J., Hirshler, Y., Reece, J., Holt, C., & Gemmill, A. W. (2019). Social Support—A Protective Factor For Depressed Perinatal Women? International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 16(8), 1426. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ijerph16081426
Mohammad, K. I., Gamble, J., & Creedy, D. K. (2011). Prevalence And Factors Associated With The Development Of Antenatal And Postnatal Depression Among Jordanian Women. Midwifery, 27(6), E238–E245. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Midw.2010.10.008
Morikawa, M., Okada, T., Ando, M., Aleksic, B., Kunimoto, S., Nakamura, Y., Kubota, C., Uno, Y., Tamaji, A., Hayakawa, N., Furumura, K., Shiino, T., Morita, T., Ishikawa, N., Ohoka, H., Usui, H., Banno, N., Murase, S., Goto, S., … Ozaki, N. (2015). Relationship Between Social Support During Pregnancy And Postpartum Depressive State: A Prospective Cohort Study. Scientific Reports, 5(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/Srep10520
Nasreen, H. E., Kabir, Z. N., Forsell, Y., & Edhborg, M. (2011). Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Depressive And Anxiety Symptoms During Pregnancy: A Population Based Study In Rural Bangladesh. BMC Women’s Health, 11(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/1472-6874-11-22
Nongrum, R., Thomas, E., Lionel, J., & Jacob, K. S. (2014). Domestic Violence As A Risk Factor For Maternal Depression And Neonatal Outcomes: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study. Indian Journal Of Psychological Medicine, 36(2), 179–181. Https://Doi.Org/10.4103/0253-7176.130989
Perwitasari, P., Hakimi, M., & Anjarwati, A. (2019). The Effect Of Maternal-Fetal Attachment Education On Pregnant Women’s Mental Health. Journal Of Health Technology Assessment In Midwifery, 2(1), 50–58. Https://Doi.Org/10.31101/Jhtam.1043
Perwitasari, & Umu, H. E. N. (2021). Antenatal depressive symptoms in asian women: A review of the articles. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(2), 582–586.
Phoosuwan, N., Eriksson, L., & Lundberg, P. C. (2018). Antenatal Depressive Symptoms During Late Pregnancy Among Women In A North-Eastern Province Of Thailand: Prevalence And Associated Factors. Asian Journal Of Psychiatry, 36, 102–107. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ajp.2018.06.012
Pilkington, P., Milne, L., Cairns, K., & Whelan, T. (2016). Enhancing Reciprocal Partner Support To Prevent Perinatal Depression And Anxiety: A Delphi Consensus Study. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12888-016-0721-0
Rashid, A., & Mohd, R. (2017). Poor Social Support As A Risk Factor For Antenatal Depressive Symptoms Among Women Attending Public Antennal Clinics In Penang, Malaysia. Reproductive Health, 14(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12978-017-0404-4
Roomruangwong, C., & Epperson, C. N. (2011). Perinatal Depression In Asian Women: Prevalence, Associated Factors, And Cultural Aspects. Asian Biomedicine, 5(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.5372/1905-7415.0502.024
Sheeba, B., Nath, A., Metgud, C. S., Krishna, M., Venkatesh, S., Vindhya, J., & Murthy, G. V. S. (2019). Prenatal Depression And Its Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women In Bangalore: A Hospital Based Prevalence Study. Frontiers In Public Health, 7. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fpubh.2019.00108
Shin, H. H., & Shin, Y. H. (2015). Life Stress, Social Support, And Antepartum Depression Among Married Immigrant Women From Southeast Asia. Journal Of Korean Academy Of Community Health Nursing, 26(2), 108. Https://Doi.Org/10.12799/Jkachn.2015.26.2.108
Silva, M., Denismar Alves Nogueira, Universidade Federal De Alfenas, Maria José Clapis, & Escola De Enfermagem De Ribeirão Preto Da Universidade De São Paulo (EERP-USP). (2016). Depression In Pregnancy. Prevalence And Associated Factors. Investigación Y Educación En Enfermería, 34(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.17533/Udea.Iee.V34n2a14
Tsao, Y., Creedy, D. K., & Gamble, J. (2016). A Comparison Of Life Stress And Depressive Symptoms In Pregnant Taiwanese And Immigrant Women: Journal Of Nursing Research, 24(3), 272–281. Https://Doi.Org/10.1097/Jnr.0000000000000137
Wado, Y. D., Afework, M. F., & Hindin, M. J. (2014). Effects Of Maternal Pregnancy Intention, Depressive Symptoms And Social Support On Risk Of Low Birth Weight: A Prospective Study From Southwestern Ethiopia. Plos ONE, 9(5), E96304. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0096304
Waqas, A., Raza, N., Lodhi, H. W., Muhammad, Z., Jamal, M., & Rehman, A. (2015). Psychosocial Factors Of Antenatal Anxiety And Depression In Pakistan: Is Social Support A Mediator? PLOS ONE, 10(1), E0116510. Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0116510
Wijaya, Y. M. (2016). Antenatal Depression And Correlated Factors Among Indonesian Women With High Risk Pregnancy. 7.
Wilcox, M., Mcgee, B. A., Ionescu, D. F., Leonte, M., Lacross, L., Reps, J., & Wildenhaus, K. (2020). Perinatal Depressive Symptoms Often Start In The Prenatal Rather Than Postpartum Period: Results From A Longitudinal Study. Archives Of Women’s Mental Health. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S00737-020-01017-Z
Wulandari, R. P., Husada, S. K., & Saleh, S. B. (2021). Hubungan Usia Ibu Dan Paritas Dengan Gejala Depresi Pada KehamilaN. 4(2), 5.
Published
2022-03-25
How to Cite
PERWITASARI, Perwitasari; WULANDARI, Risky Puji.
GEJALA DEPRESI PADA IBU HAMIL: PREVALENSI DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL.
Journal of Midwifery and Reproduction, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 2, p. 77-83, mar. 2022.
ISSN 2598-0068.
Available at: <https://journal.umbjm.ac.id/index.php/midwiferyandreproduction/article/view/825>. Date accessed: 16 sep. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.35747/jmr.v5i2.825.
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